Galenki Fm

Razdolny depression of southern Primorye Basin (S-10; NW of Vladivostok). Upper formation of Nikan Gr.

It is composed of tuffaceous sandstones with interbeds of siltstones, mudstones and coal with a total thickness of up to 500m (Turbin, 1994).

Three flora assemblages were identified in the formation (Volynets, 2005). The Early Galenki assemblage was identified in the lower part of the formation (Volynets, 2006). It is characterized by low taxonomic diversity (31 taxa) with domination of cycadophytes and ferns. The most abundant species are Dictyozamites cordatus, Leptopterophyllum pterophylloides, Nilssonia densinervis, N. ex gr. orientalis, Onychiopsis psilotoides, Teilhardia tenella, Anemia dicksoniana, Ginkgo ex gr. adiantoides, Lycopodites prynadae, Podozamites tenuinervis, Sagenopteris aff. mantellii. The defining feature of this flora assemblage is the domination of Early Cretaceous cycadophytes and the increase of representatives of “young” genera of ferns. The Middle Galenki assemblage was identified in the middle part of the Galenki Formation. It is characterized by high taxonomic diversity (69 taxa) with domination of ferns (27 taxa). The typical taxa of the assemblage are represented by Birisia alata, Anemia dicksoniana, Lobifolia novopokrovskii, Podozamites tenuinervis, Taxites brevifolius, Sequoia reichenbachii, Neozamites denticulatus, Pterophyllum sutschanense, Nilssonia canadensis, N. ex gr. orientalis, Sapindopsis, Dicotylophyllum, Cercidiphyllum. The feature of this assemblage is the domination of ferns (39%) and conifers (20%) with a significant presence of Birisia, Anemia, Dicksonia, Adiantopteris, Taxites, Sequoia and the appearance of angiosperms. The Late Galenki flora assemblage was identified in the upper part of the Galenki Formation in the Razdolnaya and Amba rivers basin, on the Muraviev-Amurskiy Peninsula and in the Khanka lake region (Volynets, 2015; Volynets and Bugdaeva, 2017). It is characterized by high taxonomic diversity (86 taxa) with domination of ferns (27 taxa) and cycadophytes (25 taxa). The typical taxa of the assemblage are represented by ferns Osmunda denticulata, Anemia dicksoniana, Gleichenites porsildii, Birisia oerstedtii, Cyathea aff. tyrmensis, Eogymnocarpium sinense, Lobifolia novopokrovskii, cycadophytes Pterophyllum burejense, P. sutschanense, Leptopterophyllum pterophylloides, Encephalartopsis vachrameevii, Nilssonia canadensis, N. ex gr. brongniartii, conifers Podozamites tenuinervis, Sequoia reichenbachii, Taxites acuminatus, T. brevifolius and Athrotaxopsis expansa.